50 years of CITES

The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) recently celebrated 50 years since its entry into force.

• Conceived in 1963 by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), CITES became the first global agreement of its kind in 1975, and it remains a crucial instrument in preventing the rapid decline of species worldwide.

Global Reach and Scope

• With 185 Parties (States or regional economic organizations), CITES voluntarily regulates trade for over 40,000 plant and animal species.
• This regulation encompasses live animals, timber, and herbal products.
• While legally binding on its Parties, CITES does not supersede national laws; rather, countries are expected to align their domestic legislation with its provisions.

Impact and Successes

• International collaboration facilitated by CITES has been instrumental in pulling critically endangered species back from the brink of extinction. Notable examples include the African elephant, pangolin, and crocodiles.
• A key initiative, the Monitoring the Illegal Killing of Elephants (MIKE) Programme, operates at over 70 sites across Africa and Asia, covering approximately half of the world’s elephant population. Data from the MIKE Programme has shown a downward trend in illegal elephant killings, particularly in Africa.

Operational Support

• The CITES Secretariat receives administrative and operational backing from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), enabling its vital work in conservation.

India’s Alignment with CITES

• India has actively worked to align its national legislation with CITES provisions. Previously listed in Category 2 under the CITES National Legislation program, India undertook significant reforms.
• The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, was amended in 2022 to incorporate CITES provisions directly into the Act.
• As a result of this full compliance, the CITES Standing Committee, in its 77th meeting, decided to place India in Category 1, recognizing its robust legislative framework. Schedule IV of the amended Wild Life (Protection) Act specifically lists species covered under CITES.

(Sources: UN & PIB)