Genetically Engineered Bacteria Turned into Self-Powered Biosensors

In a step towards building cheap and programmable bioelectronic devices, researchers at Imperial College London and Zhejiang University have developed a new type of biosensor using genetically engineered bacteria.

Limitations of Traditional Biosensors

Conventional biosensors, often based on enzymes, are fragile, expensive, and slow in complex environments. Whole-cell biosensors, which use living microorganisms, offer better stability as they can repair themselves and work even in contaminated samples. However, most of these produce optical signals, which are difficult to integrate with portable or field-deployable electronics.

New Modular Biosensor Design

The researchers created a modular biosensor capable of detecting specific compounds and directly converting that detection into an electrical signal. This signal is easily compatible with low-cost electronic devices, paving the way for field applications.

How Biosensors Work

The term “biosensor” is short for biological sensor. A biosensor consists of:

• Biological element (enzyme, antibody, or nucleic acid) that interacts with the analyte.
• Transducer that converts the biological response into a measurable electrical signal.

Applications of Biosensors

Biosensor technology is widely applicable across several fields, including:

• General healthcare monitoring
• Disease screening and clinical diagnosis
• Veterinary and agricultural applications
• Industrial processing and monitoring
• Environmental pollution control

(Sources: TH)