Ghumot and Indian monitor lizard

The Ghumot (or Ghumat) is a traditional membranophone percussion instrument deeply rooted in the religious and cultural practices of Goa, India.

It is prominently used during Hindu festivals like Ganesh Chaturthi and Christian celebrations like Easter. Originally played by the local tribal communities, it is believed that the instrument was brought to Goa by migrants who eventually made the region their home.

Construction and Playing Technique

The Ghumot is crafted from an earthen clay pot, with its mouth covered by animal hide, traditionally that of the Indian monitor lizard (Varanus bengalensis). The tightly stretched skin acts as a membrane, which, when struck, produces sharp and rhythmic beats.

However, due to increasing awareness of wildlife conservation, the use of monitor lizard skin has been replaced by goat skin or synthetic alternatives in recent years.

Conservation and Legal Protection

The Indian monitor lizard is listed under Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, and Appendix I of CITES, making its hunting, trade, and use illegal. Despite these protections, illegal use persists, especially due to the mistaken belief that parts of the lizard resemble the rare Hatha Jodi plant and can be used in tantric rituals.

India is home to four species of monitor lizards:

1. Bengal Monitor (Varanus bengalensis) – the most widely distributed.
2. Asian Water Monitor (Varanus salvator) – the largest of the species.
3. Yellow Monitor (Varanus flavescens).
4. Desert Monitor (Varanus griseus).

The Bengal Monitor can adapt to various ecosystems, from deserts and forests to urban environments like Agra and Delhi-NCR.

(Sources: DTE & WildlifeSOS)