Herpes Simplex Virus Outbreak in Jalpaiguri Jail

Why in the News

• About 92 inmates at the Jalpaiguri Central Correctional Home were infected with the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) between August 20, 2025 and March 9, 2026.
• Seven inmates died due to complications linked to the infection.
• The outbreak has raised concerns because the prison is overcrowded, housing over 1,200 inmates against a capacity of about 700.

About Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

According to the World Health Organization, HSV is a common viral infection that causes painful blisters or ulcers, mainly around the mouth or genitals.

• It spreads primarily through skin-to-skin contact.
• The infection is treatable but not curable.
• Individuals may experience recurrent outbreaks over time.

Types of HSV

1. HSV-1 (Oral Herpes)

• Usually spreads through oral contact.
• Causes cold sores or blisters around the mouth.
• Can also cause genital herpes through oral-genital contact.
• A large proportion of adults worldwide are infected with HSV-1.

2. HSV-2 (Genital Herpes)

• Mainly spreads through sexual contact.
• Causes genital herpes, affecting genital or anal regions.

Transmission: HSV spreads through:

• Contact with infected sores
• Saliva or skin surfaces near the mouth (HSV-1)
• Genital or anal contact during sexual activity (HSV-2)
• Rarely from mother to child during childbirth, causing neonatal herpes.

Treatment: Although there is no permanent cure, antiviral medicines help control symptoms and reduce outbreaks:

• Acyclovir
• Famciclovir
• Valacyclovir

Significance

• Highlights public health risks in overcrowded prisons, where infections can spread quickly.
• Emphasizes the need for improved prison healthcare, hygiene, and screening systems.
• Raises awareness about HSV infections and their management.

Source: The Hindu and WHO