India Launches First Indigenous Hydrogen Fuel Cell-Powered Passenger Vessel

On 11 December, India launched its first fully indigenous hydrogen fuel cell-powered passenger vessel into commercial service. It marks a major step towards decarbonising inland water transport. Vessel was flagged off by Union Minister Sarbananda Sonowal from Namo Ghat, Varanasi.

Key Highlights

• Vessel Specs: 24-metre air-conditioned catamaran, carries 50 passengers, operates up to 8 hours on a single hydrogen fill, cruises at 6.5 knots.
• Power System: Low Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell with hybrid integration of hydrogen cells, batteries, and solar power; emits only water for zero pollution.
• Developers and Operators: Built by Cochin Shipyard Ltd. (CSL), operated by Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI); certified by Indian Register of Shipping.
• Strategic Context: Aligns with Maritime India Vision 2030 and follows recent hybrid electric catamarans to modernize inland waterways.

What is a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell?

A Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts hydrogen and oxygen into electricity, water, and heat.

How it Works

1. Hydrogen supplied to anode
   • With a platinum catalyst, hydrogen molecules split into protons and electrons.
2. Proton & electron pathways
   • Protons pass through the proton-conducting membrane (electrolyte).
   • Electrons cannot pass through the membrane and instead flow through an external circuit, generating electricity.
3. Reaction at the cathode
   • Oxygen (from air) reacts with:
     • Incoming protons
     • Electrons returning via circuit
   • Forms water as the by-product.

Outputs

• Electricity
• Water
• Heat

Why PEM Fuel Cells Matter

• High efficiency
• Zero tailpipe emissions
• Ideal for mobility: ships, cars, submarines
• Scalable and clean energy source

Source: PIB and others