Mangrove clam (Geloina erosa)

The ICAR–Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) has successfully achieved induced breeding of the mangrove clam (Geloina erosa) under captive conditions, marking a major breakthrough for conservation and sustainable utilisation of this ecologically significant bivalve species.

Mangrove clams, commonly known as mud clams, are distributed across mangrove and estuarine ecosystems of South and Southeast Asia. Despite their declining availability in the wild, they remain a valued local delicacy in several parts of India, particularly in northern Kerala, where the species is popularly known as “Kandal Kakka”.

The mangrove clam typically inhabits organic-rich muddy substrates in intertidal mangrove zones. Over the years, wild stocks across India—especially along the east coast and in island regions—have declined steadily due to indiscriminate harvesting, habitat degradation, pollution and coastal development.

Scientists note that the successful development of hatchery-based seed production could enable farming initiatives that help restore depleted natural stocks, reduce pressure on wild populations, and provide stable livelihood opportunities for coastal households.

One of the world’s largest mud clams, Geloina erosa can attain shell widths of up to 10 cm. Beyond its economic value, the species plays a crucial ecological role by recycling nutrients, stabilising sediments, and strengthening mangrove ecosystems, thereby supporting food security and livelihoods in coastal regions.

Source: AIR