National Camel Sustainability Initiative (NCSI)

The Union Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying is considering the launch of a new scheme — the National Camel Sustainability Initiative (NCSI) — to address the sharp decline in India’s camel population and promote sustainable camel rearing practices.

• Policy Framework:
  • The proposal has been outlined in a draft policy paper prepared in consultation with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
  • The NCSI seeks to provide a comprehensive framework for camel conservation, sustainable use, and livelihood support for pastoral communities.
• Camel Population Decline:
  • As per the 20th Livestock Census (2019), India’s camel population stood at 2,52,956, a drastic fall from around 11 lakh in 1977.
  • Experts attribute the decline to reduced utility of camels due to mechanisation and tractorisation following the Green Revolution, as well as socio-economic changes among traditional camel-rearing communities.
• Camel Breeds and Habitats:
  • India is home to several native camel breeds adapted to diverse desert ecosystems:
    • Bikaneri, Jaisalmeri, and Mewari – found in Rajasthan’s Thar Desert.
    • Kachchhi and Kharai – found in the Rann of Kutch, Gujarat.
    • Bactrian camels – two-humped variety found in Ladakh’s cold desert regions.
  • These breeds possess unique physiological adaptations to withstand extreme temperatures and scarce water availability.
• Conservation Perspective:
  • Experts emphasize that camel milk production could offer a viable economic incentive for conserving the species.
  • They noted that camel milk and related products can create sustainable livelihoods while ensuring the animal’s continued relevance in desert economies.
• Community Challenges:
  • The Raika community of Rajasthan, traditionally known for camel-rearing, faces a generational shift, with younger members moving away from the hereditary profession due to lack of economic returns and modern opportunities.

Significance:
The proposed National Camel Sustainability Initiative (NCSI) aims to combine conservation with livelihood generation, ensuring the survival of India’s indigenous camel breeds, revitalising desert ecosystems, and preserving the cultural heritage of pastoral communities.