Odisha’s Estuarine Crocodile Population Rises to 1,858

Odisha’s estuarine (saltwater) crocodile population has increased by 32, reaching 1,858, according to the latest annual census conducted by the State Forest and Environment Department. This year’s estimation marked a significant shift with the introduction of a pilot drone-based survey, improving coverage and accuracy.

Census Details

The annual estimation of saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) was carried out from January 8 to 10, 2026, covering major crocodile habitats, including:

• Bhitarkanika National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary,
• Gahirmatha Wildlife Sanctuary,
• Mahanadi deltaic region, and
• Devi river mouth area.

Odisha continues to host India’s largest population of saltwater crocodiles in their natural habitat.

About Crocodiles

Modern crocodiles are represented by 23 living species worldwide.
India is home to three species of crocodilians:

• Gharial,
• Mugger, and
• Saltwater crocodile.

Crocodiles are cold-blooded reptiles and are commonly seen basking on riverbanks and other aquatic systems to regulate their body temperature.

India’s Three Crocodile Species

• Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus)
  • Distinguished by a long, narrow snout.
  • Primarily fish-eating.
  • Now restricted to the Chambal, Girwa Ghagra, and Gandak rivers.
• Mugger (Marsh Crocodile)
  • Identified by a broad snout.
  • Inhabits freshwater rivers, lakes, and marshy swamps.
  • Known for digging burrows used for nesting and shelter.
• Saltwater Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus)
  • The largest crocodilian and the largest living reptile in the world.
  • Has a large head with distinct ridges running from the eyes along the snout.
  • Possesses the strongest bite force among all crocodilians.
  • Typically drags prey into water before feeding.

Conservation Efforts

To protect and revive crocodilian populations, the Government of India launched the Crocodile Conservation Project in 1975. The programme has played a crucial role in rebuilding crocodile numbers across the country, particularly in strongholds like Odisha.