Population of saltwater crocodiles increased in Sundarbans

Why in the News?

• The population of saltwater crocodiles in the Sundarban Biosphere Reserve (SBR) has increased according to a recent survey by the West Bengal Forest Department (2025).
• Current estimate: 220–242 individuals, with 213 direct sightings.

About Saltwater Crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus)

• Largest living reptile in the world; can exceed 6 m in length.
• Apex predator: Hypercarnivorous; maintains ecosystem balance by feeding on carcasses and wild remains in aquatic systems.
• Distribution in India:
  • Odisha: Bhitarkanika mangroves (largest habitat in India).
  • West Bengal: Sundarbans.
  • Andaman & Nicobar Islands: Coastal regions.
• IUCN Status: Least Concern (globally).
• Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Schedule I species → highest protection.
• CITES: Appendix I (international trade banned).

Ecological Role

• Keystone species → regulates fish and aquatic populations.
• Helps in nutrient recycling by scavenging.
• Indicator of healthy mangrove & coastal ecosystems.

(Source: TH)