Selenium in water

Minister of State for Jal Shakti V. Somanna informed the Rajya Sabha that high levels of selenium have been detected in limited groundwater samples in parts of Haryana and Punjab. Citing 2019 data from the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), the ministry stated that out of 5,956 samples analyzed across 17 states, only four—two from Jhajjar in Haryana and two from Rupnagar (Ropar) in Punjab—had selenium concentrations exceeding the permissible limit of 10 ppb (Parts per billion).

Understanding Selenium and Health Risks

Selenium is a rare trace mineral that is both beneficial and toxic depending on the dosage. While it is essential for human health, supporting antioxidant defense and thyroid function, excessive intake can lead to a condition known as selenosis. Long-term exposure to high levels of selenium can cause symptoms such as hair and nail damage, skin discoloration, and neurological effects. The primary commercial source of selenium is a by-product of copper refining.

Government and Health Response

To address the issue of groundwater contamination, the government is implementing the Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM), which aims to provide safe, potable tap water to all rural households. Under this mission, priority is given to areas with chemical contaminants, and states have been advised to:

• Plan and implement piped water supply schemes using alternative, safe water sources.
• Install community water purification plants as an interim measure to provide safe drinking water.
• Utilize up to 2% of their annual JJM allocation for water quality monitoring and surveillance.
• Conduct awareness generation programs to educate the public on the impacts of contamination and promote sustainable practices like rainwater harvesting.

(Source: PIB & others)