Eight Constitution Amendments Enacted in the Last Twelve Years

The Constitution of India has been amended eight times during the last twelve years (2014 to 2026), through Constitution Amendment Acts ranging from the 99th to the 106th Amendment.

• The Constitution (99th Amendment) Act, 2014: Provided for the establishment of the National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) to replace the existing collegium system for the appointment of judges to the Supreme Court and High Courts.

• The Constitution (100th Amendment) Act, 2015: Gave effect to the India-Bangladesh Land Boundary Agreement, relating to the settlement and exchange of certain territories between the two countries.

• The Constitution (101st Amendment) Act, 2016: Introduced the constitutional framework for the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India.

• The Constitution (102nd Amendment) Act, 2018: Granted constitutional status to the National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC).

• The Constitution (103rd Amendment) Act, 2019: Introduced 10% reservation for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) in government jobs and educational institutions.

• The Constitution (104th Amendment) Act, 2019: Extended the reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) in the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies for another ten years, up to January 25, 2030. It also discontinued the provision for nomination of Anglo-Indian members to these legislatures.

• The Constitution (105h Amendment) Act, 2021: Amended Article 342A and made consequential amendments to Articles 338B and 366, particularly concerning the constitutional framework relating to the identification of Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (SEBCs).

• The Constitution (106th Amendment) Act, 2023: Provided for reservation of seats for women in the House of the People (Lok Sabha) and the Legislative Assemblies of the States, popularly known as the Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam.

Source: PIB

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