Indian scientists develop low-cost technology to improve zinc-air batteries : GS TIMES IAS-PCS

Scientists have developed a low-cost technology that could make rechargeable zinc-air batteries more efficient, safer and cheaper.

The breakthrough was achieved by a research team led by Dr. S. Devaraj of SASTRA Deemed University.
The researchers developed a new nanofluid electrolyte that improves battery performance while reducing corrosion.
The nanofluid electrolyte remains stable for more than three months.
It can improve the efficiency of the battery’s air cathode while protecting the zinc anode from corrosion.
The technology has been granted an Indian patent and is reportedly ready for commercial use.
Instead of using expensive corrosion inhibitors, researchers added small quantities of silica and zinc oxide nanoparticles to the battery electrolyte.
The nanoparticles help to:
- Reduce hydrogen gas formation
- Limit zinc corrosion
- Improve oxygen reactions inside the battery
- Enhance overall battery performance
The innovation addresses multiple performance challenges through a single, low-cost solution.

Why Zinc-Air Batteries Are Important

Rechargeable zinc-air batteries are considered a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries.
They offer several advantages, including:
- Lower cost
- High energy density
- Water-based chemistry
- Potential applications in green energy storage and electric mobility
Lithium-based batteries use lithium compounds as the anode and cathode’s active material. In contrast, zinc-based batteries use zinc in the anode and manganese dioxide in the cathode.
However, their commercial adoption has been limited by zinc corrosion and the requirement for expensive platinum- and ruthenium-based catalysts.
Lithium-ion batteries have a higher energy density than standard zinc-ion batteries.
Lithium-based batteries generally have a longer lifespan than zinc-based batteries, as they can withstand more charge and discharge cycles without degrading.

Sources: DD & Ohters

Indian scientists develop low-cost technology to improve zinc-air batteries