Melanterite and Gypsum

Why in News?

Indian scientists from the University of Kerala have identified geological sites in Tamil Nadu and Chile’s Atacama Desert that resemble the Martian environment, potentially helping researchers understand Mars’ geological history and past water activity. 

Key Points

• Minerals identified: Researchers identified two hydrous sulphate minerals — melanterite and gypsum.
• Locations: Melanterite was found in Neyveli, Tamil Nadu, while gypsum was identified in the Tiruchirappalli Badlands (Tamil Nadu) and Chile’s Atacama Desert.
• Research institution: The study was led by Dr Sajin Kumar K. S. of the Department of Geology, University of Kerala.
• Technology used: A laser Raman spectrometer, supported by the Department of Science and Technology’s Fund for Improvement of S&T Infrastructure (DST-FIST) programme, was used to identify the minerals.
• Scientific significance: Gypsum provides evidence of past water activity and may preserve biosignatures, while melanterite indicates temporary wet, acidic and oxidising conditions.
• Research publication: The findings were published in two papers in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets.

Significance

• Terrestrial analogue sites help scientists study geological processes similar to those that may have occurred on Mars.
• The findings may improve understanding of Mars’ ancient water systems and potentially habitable environments.
• Such research could help guide future planetary exploration missions seeking evidence of ancient life.

Source: PIB

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