Reciprocal Exchange of Logistics Support (RELOS) Agreement

Russian President Vladimir Putin signed into federal law a major military cooperation agreement with India.

• The Reciprocal Exchange of Logistics Support (RELOS) agreement was ratified by both houses of the Russian Parliament before receiving presidential assent.

Entry into Force

• RELOS will come into effect after the formal exchange of instruments of ratification between India and Russia.

Key Provisions

• Lays down procedures for the movement of military formations, warships, and military aircraft between the two countries.
• Provides a framework for logistical support to each other’s armed forces.
• Facilitates mutual use of airspace by Indian and Russian military aircraft.
• Includes provisions for port calls by warships of both nations.
• Regulates the dispatch of troops, military equipment, and associated logistics.

Strategic Significance for India

• Offers an institutional framework for Indian forces to access Russian air and naval bases.
• Access spans from Vladivostok (Pacific Ocean) to Murmansk (Arctic region).
• Enables refuelling, repairs, and maintenance, enhancing operational reach and readiness.
• Particularly beneficial for sustaining Russian-origin military platforms in India’s inventory.

Comparison with Other Logistics Agreements

• RELOS is similar in concept to India’s logistics and defence cooperation agreements with the US:
  • LEMOA – Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Agreement
  • COMCASA – Communications Compatibility and Security Agreement
  • BECA – Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement
• However, RELOS has been customised to suit the India–Russia strategic partnership.

Overall Impact

• Strengthens India–Russia defence cooperation.
• Enhances interoperability, logistics efficiency, and strategic mobility of the armed forces of both countries.

Source: IE