Sahiwal calves born through OPU–IVF–ET Technology

The Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly has successfully produced five healthy Sahiwal calves, including one female, using advanced reproductive technology.

• This marks the first successful birth of indigenous Sahiwal cattle calves through OPU–IVF–ET (Ovum Pick-Up, In Vitro Fertilization, Embryo Transfer) technology.
• Notably, all calves were derived from the eggs of a single donor cow, highlighting the efficiency of the technique.

 What is OPU–IVF–ET Technology?

• A modern assisted reproductive technology used in livestock improvement.
• Steps involved:
  • Ovum Pick-Up (OPU): Mature eggs are collected using ultrasound-guided techniques.
  • In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): Eggs are fertilized with sperm in a laboratory.
  • Embryo Transfer (ET): Developed embryos are implanted into surrogate animals.
• The entire process—from egg collection to birth—occurs within the normal gestation period (~9 months).
• Embryos can also be cryopreserved (stored) for future use.

 Significance of the Development

• Enables rapid multiplication of superior genetic stock.
• Helps increase milk productivity by spreading desirable traits.
• Allows use of low-yield surrogate animals for producing high-yield offspring.
• Overcomes limitation of natural breeding (1 calf/year) →
  • Up to 20 calves/year from a cow
  • Around 10 calves/year from a buffalo

 Indigenous Breeds Involved

• Sahiwal cattle: Native to Punjab (India & Pakistan), Known for high milk yield and heat tolerance
• Tharparkar cattle: Native to Thar Desert (Rajasthan), Dual-purpose breed (milk + draught power)
• Murrah buffalo: Found mainly in Haryana, Known for high milk yield and rich fat content

Programme Background: 

• Research on OPU–IVF began in 2022–23.
• The programme aims to improve genetic quality of indigenous bovine breeds.

Source: IE

UPSC Exam Relevance

• GS Paper III: Biotechnology, Agriculture
• Prelims: Breeds of cattle, assisted reproductive technologies
• Mains: Role of biotechnology in enhancing livestock productivity