Shigellosis cases reported in Kerala

Why in News?

A highly contagious bacterial diarrhoeal disease, shigellosis (bacillary dysentery), is being increasingly reported across the state of Kerala, raising public health concerns due to its rapid transmission and potential to cause outbreaks. (Source; The Hindu)

About Shigellosis

As per US-CDC, Shigellosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Shigella. It primarily affects the intestines and results in diarrhoeal illness, ranging from mild watery diarrhoea to severe dysentery.

Causative Agent

The disease is caused by Shigella bacteria, which infect the intestinal tract and can spread rapidly in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene.

Mode of Transmission

Shigellosis spreads mainly through the fecal-oral route. Infection commonly occurs through the consumption of contaminated food or water, direct contact with an infected person, or contact with surfaces contaminated by the bacteria. The infection can also spread through certain forms of sexual contact with an infected individual.

Symptoms

Symptoms usually appear within a few days of exposure and include:

• Diarrhoea, often containing blood or mucus
• Fever
• Stomach cramps
• Nausea and vomiting
• Painful bowel movements

Vulnerable Groups

Children below five years of age are the most vulnerable to shigellosis. However, people of all age groups can become infected. Outbreaks are frequently reported in childcare centres, schools, and other settings where close contact facilitates transmission.