Terahertz (THz) Communication

Why in News?

A new silicon chip has demonstrated the ability to transmit terahertz (THz) waves through an engineered barrier with minimal signal loss while carrying data at 100 Gbit/s. This development could support the creation of compact terahertz circuits for future 6G communication technologies.

What is Terahertz (THz) Communication?

• THz communication is a wireless technology that uses electromagnetic waves in the frequency range of 0.1–10 THz.
• It occupies the electromagnetic spectrum between microwave and infrared radiation.
• THz waves have shorter wavelengths than microwaves but longer wavelengths than infrared radiation.
• The wavelength range is approximately 3 mm to 30 μm.

Key Features and Significance

1. Ultra-high data rates: THz communication can potentially support data transmission speeds ranging from tens to hundreds of gigabits per second (Gbps).
2. Low latency: It can enable faster data transmission and support real-time communication.
3. 6G connectivity: THz frequencies are expected to play an important role in next-generation wireless networks.
4. Advanced applications: High-speed connectivity can support advanced computing and real-time communication applications.
5. Compact circuits: Developments in silicon-chip technology may help enable compact THz communication devices.

Role of Artificial Intelligence in 6G

Integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into 6G networks is expected to enable:

• Autonomous network optimisation.
• Predictive analytics.
• Seamless interactions between connected devices.
• Improved network efficiency and reliability.

Challenges of THz Communication

• Atmospheric absorption: Water vapour and other atmospheric constituents can absorb THz signals.
• Signal degradation: THz waves can experience significant attenuation, limiting transmission distance.
• Device development: Designing efficient THz transmitters, receivers and other components remains technically challenging.
• Infrastructure requirements: Practical deployment will require advances in signal generation, amplification and transmission technologies.

Sources: PIB & GoI

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