Decline in Lichen Threatens Winter Survival of Caribou in Arctic: Study

A recent study by researchers at the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry has warned that declining lichen availability across the Arctic could severely impact the winter survival of Caribou, also known as reindeer in Eurasia.

Published under the title “Winter survival shaped by forage abundance and snow depth for a long-distance migratory ungulate,” the study highlights the critical dependence of caribou on lichen, often referred to as “reindeer moss,” during harsh winter months. 

Lichen: A Lifeline in Winter

Caribou are among the few animals capable of digesting lichen, making it their primary food source when other vegetation becomes inaccessible under snow.

• In winter, their diet relies almost entirely on lichen
• They use their large hooves to dig through snow to reach it

Key Findings

• Study based on tracking data from the Western Arctic Herd
• Winter survival depends on availability of forage (lichen) and snow depth
• Declining lichen could lead to higher mortality rates

Habitat and Migration

Caribou inhabit northern regions of Europe, North America, Asia, and Greenland.

• Migrate south in winter to find food and shelter
• Return north in summer, undertaking one of the largest animal migrations on Earth

Conservation ConcernsWhile some populations remain stable, woodland caribou are already endangered, and reduced lichen availability could worsen their situation.

Source: DTE & NGC