Microplastic contamination in Bhitarkanika National Park

Why in the News?
A recent study published in Water, Air, & Soil Pollution has found microplastic contamination in Bhitarkanika National Park, indicating that even protected mangrove ecosystems are no longer untouched. 

About Microplastics

• Microplastics are plastic fragments ranging from 1 nanometer to 5 millimetres in size.
• Types:
  • Primary microplastics: Intentionally manufactured small plastics (e.g., microbeads in cosmetics).
  • Secondary microplastics: Formed from breakdown of larger plastics like packaging, clothes, tyres, etc.

Key Findings of the Study

• Mangrove roots act as natural filters, trapping microplastics.
• However, this leads to their long-term accumulation, turning mangroves into pollution sinks.
• Even ecologically sensitive areas like Bhitarkanika are affected.

Impacts of Microplastics

• Marine ecosystems: Harm phytoplankton (base of aquatic food chains).
• Soil health: Reduce fertility and affect crop yields.
• Climate impact: Accelerate melting of snow/ice, contributing to global warming.
• Human health: Enter the body through ingestion and inhalation.

About Bhitarkanika National Park

• Located in Kendrapara district.
• India’s second-largest mangrove ecosystem after Sundarbans.
• Formed by river systems: Brahmani, Baitarani, Dhamra, and Patasala.
• Known for the largest population of saltwater crocodiles in India.
• Rich biodiversity: deer, hyenas, wild boar, migratory birds, and multiple kingfisher species.
• Features unique bird nesting site Bagagahana (heronry).

Sources: DTE & UNEP